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How much iodine do you need? Age Daily recommended amount in micrograms mcg birth—6 months mcg infants between 7—12 months mcg children 1—8 years old 90 mcg children 9—13 years old mcg adults and teens, 14 and older mcg pregnant women mcg nursing women mcg. Side effects of iodine. Symptoms of iodine deficiency.
Who should take iodine? Read this next. Should You Use Iodized Salt? While initially, you may have more energy, high doses can cause an "iodine crash" that leaves you feeling exhausted and achy within a few days. That's because high iodine intake can initiate and exacerbate infiltration of the thyroid by lymphocytes, the white blood cells that accumulate due to chronic injury or irritation. In addition, large amounts of iodine block the thyroid's ability to make thyroid hormones.
A study in the journal Endocrinology and Metabolism found that more-than-adequate or excessive iodine levels are unsafe and may lead to hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis , chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis , especially for people with recurring thyroid disease. Women who take too much supplemental iodine during pregnancy may give birth to babies with congenital hypothyroidism, a thyroid deficiency that, if left untreated, can lead to mental, growth, and heart problems, according to a study published in The Journal of Pediatrics.
While iodine poisoning is rare, the overconsumption of iodine can be just as problematic as consuming too little. While iodine can be detected in urine, relying on such a test is not helpful, since 90 percent of the iodine you ingest is quickly expelled.
Rather, healthcare providers use thyroid tests to determine if your iodine intake is concerning or not. In addition, iodine deficiency is typically suspected based on the development of goiter, hypothyroidism, or congenital hypothyroidism low thyroid function at birth.
Be sure that any adjustments you make to your iodine intake, whether you have a circumstance that seems to call for them or not, are cleared by your healthcare provider first. Losing weight with thyroid disease can be a struggle. Our thyroid-friendly meal plan can help.
Sign up and get yours free! Ahad F, Ganie SA. Iodine, Iodine metabolism and Iodine deficiency disorders revisited. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Understanding thyroid tests. Updated Bethesda, Maryland: NIH.
Yarrington C, Pearce EN. Iodine and pregnancy. J Thyroid Res. Iodine: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Bethesda, Maryland. Updated September 26, Global iodine status in and trends over the past decade. J Nutr. Pearce EN. Swelling in the front of the neck, or a goiter, is a common symptom of an iodine deficiency. It occurs when your thyroid gland is forced to make thyroid hormones when there is a low supply of iodine in the body. This is because thyroid hormones help control the speed of your metabolism, which is the process by which your body converts food into energy and heat 10 , When your thyroid hormone levels are low, your body burns fewer calories at rest.
Unfortunately, this means more calories from the foods you eat are stored as fat 10 , Adding more iodine to your diet may help reverse the effects of a slow metabolism, as it can help your body make more thyroid hormones. Low iodine levels may slow your metabolism and encourage food to be stored as fat, rather than be burned as energy.
This may lead to weight gain. This may cause your energy levels to plummet and leave you feeling weak. In fact, a study in 2, people found that fatigue and weakness were the most common symptoms among those with low or slightly low thyroid hormone levels Low iodine levels may leave you feeling tired, sluggish and weak.
This is because your body needs the mineral to make energy. When your thyroid hormone levels are low, your hair follicles may stop regenerating. Over time, this may result in hair loss For this reason, people with an iodine deficiency may also suffer from hair loss However, other studies have found that low thyroid hormone levels only seem to cause hair loss in those with a family history of hair loss If you experience hair loss because of an iodine deficiency, getting enough of this mineral may help correct your thyroid hormone levels and stop hair loss.
An iodine deficiency may prevent hair follicles from regenerating. Fortunately, getting sufficient iodine can help correct hair loss that occurs due to an iodine deficiency. Thyroid hormones, which contain iodine, help your skin cells regenerate. Additionally, thyroid hormones help the body regulate sweat. People with lower thyroid hormone levels, such as those with an iodine deficiency, tend to sweat less than people with normal thyroid hormone levels 18 , Given that sweat helps keep your skin moist and hydrated, a lack of sweat may be another reason why dry, flaky skin is a common symptom of iodine deficiency.
Dry, flaky skin may occur with an iodine deficiency, as the mineral helps your skin cells regenerate. It also helps your body sweat and hydrates your skin cells, so an iodine deficiency can cause you to sweat less. Since iodine is used to make thyroid hormones, an iodine deficiency can cause your thyroid hormone levels to plummet.
Given that thyroid hormones help control the speed of your metabolism, low thyroid hormone levels may cause it to slow down. A slower metabolism generates less heat, which may cause you to feel colder than usual 20 , Also, thyroid hormones help boost the activity of your brown fat, a type of fat that specializes in generating heat. This means that low thyroid hormone levels, which may be caused by an iodine deficiency, could prevent brown fat from doing its job 22 , It may be affected by your iodine levels.
Too little of this mineral could cause your heart to beat slower than usual, while too much of it could cause your heart to beat faster than usual 24 , A severe iodine deficiency may cause an abnormally slow heart rate. This could make you feel weak, fatigued, dizzy and possibly cause you to faint An iodine deficiency may slow your heart rate, which may leave you feeling weak, fatigued, dizzy and at risk of fainting. An iodine deficiency may affect your ability to learn and remember 27 , 28 , A study including over 1, adults found that those with higher thyroid hormone levels performed better on learning and memory tests, compared to those with lower thyroid hormone levels It's true that not having enough iodine iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism.
But iodine deficiency has been rare in the United States and other developed countries since iodine has been added to salt iodized salt and other foods. If the underactive thyroid isn't caused by iodine deficiency, then iodine supplements give no benefit and shouldn't be taken. In fact, for some people with an underactive thyroid, too much iodine can cause or worsen their condition. Hypothyroidism can be safely and effectively treated with a drug — the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine Synthroid, Levoxyl, others.
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