James Brown, pictured with Aretha Franklin, was instrumental in pioneering soul music, a dynamic blend of gospel and rhythm and blues. Originally published Sep 27, Last edited Apr 14, Article Feedback Why are you reaching out to us? Share this Article. Facebook Twitter Email. Share this Snippet. Star Featured Content. Hank Aaron Baseball. Trending Trending. Max Cleland Political Figures.
Clock Updated Recently. Hoke Smith 4 days ago. Max Cleland 3 days ago. Citizens Trust Bank 2 weeks ago. Textile Industry 2 weeks ago. Listen Now. Info Details Citation Terms of Use As a performer and recording artist in the late s and early s, Ray Charles pioneered a new style of music that became known as "soul," a blend of gospel music, blues, and jazz that brought him worldwide fame. And today, the term can be used to loosely define most sung African-American urban music, even though soul and funk can be placed in categories of their own.
The meaning behind the name is this: the "rhythm" part comes from the music's typical dependence on four-beat measures or bars and the liberal use of a backbeat, in which the second and fourth beats are accented in each measure.
And the "blues" portion comes from the lyrics and melodies of the songs, which were often sad, or 'blue', especially during the music's emergence in the World War II era. He suggests that the physical and psychic aspects of the city, in particular, those cities' urban segregation, helped shape the consciousness of the musicians, who freed themselves through the limitlessness of singing, engaging the imagination to soar beyond the limitations of place.
The musicians of these bands were mostly born before and came of age about Kelly and Jennifer Hudson. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Music , Social Justice. Since then, this song has been covered by artists from the Grateful Dead to Cyndi Lauper, and continues to move new generations with its infectious New Orleans rhythms.
It tells a complex story of many strands and experiences. A distinctly African American music drawing from the deep tributaries of African American expressive culture, it is an amalgam of jump blues, big band swing, gospel, boogie, and blues that was initially developed during a thirty-year period that bridges the era of legally sanctioned racial segregation, international conflicts, and the struggle for civil rights. Its formal qualities, stylistic range, marketing and consumption trends, and worldwide currency today thus reflect not only the changing social and political landscapes of American race relations, but also urban life, culture, and popular entertainment in mainstream America.
The expansion of these urban communities took place during two periods of migration from Southern regions of the United States. The first, known as the Great Migration, occurred from to , in response to the collapse of cotton agriculture due to boll weevil infestation and the demand for industrial workers in Northern cities during World War I.
In concert with these shifts in population from rural to urban, many forms of African American expressive culture, especially music, were able to make transitions into urban environments and the marketplace. African American residents in these urban areas confronted a range of discriminatory housing and employment practices, including restrictive covenants and segregation. It was during this period that large national organizations working to support the social and political concerns of African Americans—such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People , the National Urban League , and later, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters —advocated for institutional change on a range of issues from voting rights to labor.
As communities coalesced, cultural pride began to be increasingly expressed through music. Pianist and composer Thomas A. Working in Chicago with vocalist Sallie Martin, Dorsey crafted gospel by blending musical elements from blues into sacred song forms.
These expanding African American urban communities with increased economic resources presented a large audience hungry for social interaction with music and entertainment. Within these racially segregated communities, cross-generational groups of musicians and performing artists provided musical affirmation for these populations.
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