What Is HIV? HIV can spread: during sex especially anal sex and vaginal sex through sharing needles for injecting drugs or tattooing by getting stuck with a needle with an infected person's blood on it HIV also can pass from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. HIV does not spread through: pee, poop, spit, throw-up, or sweat as long as no blood is present coughing or sneezing holding hands sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses How Can I Protect Myself?
If you decide to have sex, reduce your risk of getting HIV by: using a condom every time you have sex including vaginal, oral, or anal sex getting tested for HIV and making sure all partners do too reducing the number of sexual partners you have getting tested and treated for STDs sexually transmitted diseases ; having an STD increases the risk of HIV infection Understanding how HIV spreads can help you make safer choices about sex.
There are seven classes of HIV drugs , and a typical treatment regimen involves medications from different classes. Most healthcare providers will start people with HIV on a combination of three medications from at least two different drug classes. These classes, from the most commonly prescribed to the least commonly prescribed, are:.
People with past exposure to HIV would also benefit from episodic testing. If a person has been exposed to HIV within the past 72 hours, they should consider post-exposure prophylaxis, otherwise known as PEP. Advances in HIV treatments mean that people are living longer with the condition than ever before.
If HIV is contracted, getting early treatment can prevent further transmission to others as well as progression of the disease. Treatment is vital to prevent the disease from progressing to AIDS. Read this article in Spanish. For many people, the media is a main source of information about diseases. Find out how advancements in treatments and our understanding of HIV are allowing people to live fuller lives.
Also view lists of FDA-approved drugs. HIV treatment and prevention have come a long way in recent years. We explain the treatments and prevention methods that are bringing us closer to an…. Learn about HIV organizations in the United States and Africa working to support their communities through education and empowerment.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M. NK cells proliferate in response to type 1 interferon secreted by DCs. Cellular immune response to HIV. The cellular immune response is induced upon the entry of HIV into the target cells e. This results in declining viraemia after primary infection.
Humoral response to HIV. The humoral immune response occurs later in infection; therefore, the level of antibodies during the acute infection is very low. Non-neutralising antibodies to structural proteins i. P17 and P24 are first to appear and generally do not persist.
Later neutralising antibodies specific to proteins, involved in the entry of the virus into the cells, will be generated. These antibodies are specific to: 1 the variable region of gp V3 ; 2 CD4 binding sites and chemokine receptors i.
There are various reasons which can contribute to the failure of the immune system to control HIV infection and prevent AIDS development. Antigenic mutation within the T-cell epitopes can affect the binding capacity of MHC molecules to the viral peptides, resulting in the inability of the TCRs to recognise the MHC-peptide complex.
Register Log in. Figure 1. Interaction between HIV and coreceptors of a T cell and a monocyte. These symptoms may last for a few days or several weeks. Possible symptoms include. But some people may not feel sick during acute HIV infection.
Other illnesses can cause these same symptoms. See a health care provider if you have these symptoms and think you may have been exposed to HIV. Getting tested for HIV is the only way to know for sure. But HIV medicine can slow or prevent progression of the disease.
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